25 Technical Terms Explained Simply
When you first learn about LED face masks, it can feel like entering a new language. Words like “photobiomodulation” or “fluence” sound scientific and complicated, and many brands throw these terms around without explaining them clearly. Understanding these words makes it easier to choose the right mask, use it safely, and get the best results. This glossary breaks down 25 important terms in simple, clear language so you can feel more confident when reading product descriptions or studies. You can also learn more in the LED Face Mask: Complete Guide 2025.
1. LED (Light Emitting Diode)
A semiconductor device that emits light when electricity passes through it. In skincare, LEDs are used to deliver specific wavelengths to target different skin concerns.
2. Wavelength
The distance between two peaks of a light wave, measured in nanometers (nm). Each wavelength penetrates the skin differently and has unique effects, like fighting acne or boosting collagen.
3. Nanometer (nm)
A unit of measurement used to describe wavelength. For example, blue light is around 415 nm, while red light is about 630–660 nm.
4. Photobiomodulation
A process where light energy triggers biological reactions in cells, such as increasing collagen production or reducing inflammation.
5. Chromophore
A part of the skin cell that absorbs light energy and converts it into a biological response. Different chromophores absorb different wavelengths.
6. Collagen
A protein that keeps skin firm and smooth. Red light therapy helps stimulate collagen production to reduce fine lines and improve texture.
7. Elastin
A protein that gives skin its elasticity and helps it bounce back. Some LED wavelengths support elastin production, improving skin resilience.
8. Acne-causing bacteria (C. acnes)
A type of bacteria that lives on the skin and contributes to acne. Blue light targets these bacteria to reduce breakouts.
9. Fluence
The amount of light energy delivered to a specific area, measured in joules per square centimeter (J/cm²). Higher fluence can increase treatment effectiveness.
10. Power density
Also known as irradiance, it refers to the power of light delivered per unit area, measured in milliwatts per square centimeter (mW/cm²). It affects how deeply light penetrates the skin.
11. Near-infrared light
Light in the range of about 700–1200 nm. It penetrates deeper into tissues and is often used with red light to enhance anti-aging effects.
12. CE mark
A European certification showing that a product meets safety, health, and environmental requirements.
13. FDA clearance
Approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, indicating that a device is safe and effective for its intended use.
14. Photosensitivity
A condition where skin becomes more sensitive to light, sometimes caused by medications or certain skin conditions.
15. Melanin
The pigment that gives skin its color. Some wavelengths can help regulate melanin to reduce dark spots.
16. Hyperpigmentation
Areas of the skin that become darker due to excess melanin. LED light, especially green and yellow, can help improve this over time.
17. Lymphatic drainage
A process that helps remove toxins and excess fluid from the skin. Yellow light can support lymphatic flow, improving skin brightness.
18. Mitochondria
The energy producers of the cell. Certain wavelengths stimulate mitochondria to boost cell repair and regeneration.
19. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Molecules that can damage cells if not controlled. LED therapy can help balance ROS levels, reducing skin stress.
20. Treatment time
The length of a single LED session. Usually between 10 and 30 minutes, depending on device and skin goal.
21. Treatment frequency
How often you should use your LED mask. Most people start with 3–5 times per week and adjust based on skin response.
22. Penetration depth
How deep a light wavelength can reach in the skin. Red and near-infrared go deeper than blue or green.
23. Combination modes
Some devices combine multiple wavelengths to address several skin issues at once, like acne and wrinkles.
24. Thermal effect
Some LED treatments generate gentle warmth, which can increase blood flow but should not overheat the skin.
25. Automatic shut-off
A safety feature that turns the device off after a set time to avoid overexposure.
Conclusion
Once you understand these key terms, reading LED mask instructions and comparing products becomes much easier. You’ll feel more confident in choosing a device that truly fits your skin goals and using it correctly.
For tips on what to check before buying your LED mask, visit Buying Checklist: 10 Criteria Before You Order. It’s a helpful next step to make sure you invest wisely and safely.